Fireworks, those dazzling bursts of color and sound, have been a staple of human celebration for millennia. In the U.S., they have long been associated with Independence Day, commemorated on the 4th of July each year, as well as Memorial Day in May and Labor Day in September. In recent years, legislators in certain states have even decided to relax restrictions, allowing these festive lights to be added to just about any gathering throughout the year.

While on the surface this may seem like something to celebrate, beneath the spectacle, adding more fireworks to the night sky could actually be cause for concern. Hidden inside each canister was, at one time, more than a pent-up party, but potentially deadly asbestos. And as aging items are ignited, alongside the lights, carcinogenic fibers could be released into the air to be easily ingested by all who are watching.

A mineral once hailed as a miracle for many industries, asbestos is now synonymous with substantial health risks, and exposure to this toxin often leads to latent, life-threatening conditions. This article will delve deeper into the surprising (and deeply concerning) links between these two seemingly separate discoveries.

The Origins of Fireworks: From Ancient China to Modern Spectacles

The journey of fireworks began in ancient China, and like many other great inventions, the product was created merely by accident. Bamboo stalks were tossed into fires, initiating unexpected explosions that would eventually lead to the development of gunpowder around the 9th century. Soon after, an era of elaborate pyrotechnics ensued, birthing the idea of incorporating lavish lights into special events. Over time, word of the invention would spread globally, and fireworks quickly became an integral part of cultural celebrations, symbolizing joy, unity, and the passage of time.  

The Renaissance era would mark a period of passion for pyrotechnics in Europe, specifically, with artisans crafting intricate displays for royal courts and public gatherings. Later, the onset of the Industrial Revolution further fueled innovation, blending scientific principles with a creative flair, leading to the elaborate displays still seen today.  

Asbestos: The Industrial Marvel Turned Menace

Asbestos, a naturally occurring mineral mined from the earth, was once praised for its remarkable properties: fire resistance, durability, versatility, and ease of access, making it an inexpensive industrial additive. During the 20th century, it found its way into countless products, from insulation and construction materials to brake pads, tapestries, household goods, and even festive decorations. It was the cornerstone of homes and home furnishings “built to last” during this time, able to withstand extreme temperatures and hold up against the elements.

However, while manufacturers were moving quickly to produce as many asbestos-ladened products as possible, workers and their families began falling ill in large numbers, burdened by dire respiratory illnesses, a slew of various cancers, and other chronic conditions. Concerned with their bottom lines, industries attempted for some time to cover up the realities of exposure, but eventually, the link could no longer be ignored.

In the 1970s, asbestos was labeled a class 1 carcinogen, and today it has been tied to various diseases and even death. Research into the connection between exposure and the onset of disease over the years has drummed up a wealth of information, leading to widespread efforts to replace asbestos with safer alternatives.

Yet, despite attempts to increase awareness and limit exposure in the workplace and beyond, the presence of asbestos continues to plague society. Its persists in aging infrastructure and older goods, and it is still commonly imported from countries with laxer restrictions.

Asbestos in Fireworks: A Hidden Ingredient

Because of its exceptional heat resistance, for many years asbestos seemed ideal for fireworks manufacturing, and its inclusion in the production of fireworks represents a significant chapter in this toxin’s legacy. Specifically, fibers could be found in the following:

  • Shotgun Shell Wadding: A mixture of asbestos and wood fibers was used to prevent premature explosions within shotgun shells, ensuring a more controlled and predictable detonation.
  • Safety Equipment: Asbestos gloves were used by workers tasked with handling hot materials, providing a durable layer of protection against potential burns. These workers, often unaware of the long-term consequences of fiber inhalation, routinely handled asbestos-containing materials (ACMs) while making fireworks.  

Unfortunately, the risks associated with exposure were often underestimated or ignored by the workers themselves, and the pursuit of bigger, brighter, and more spectacular displays commonly overshadowed concerns for worker safety.  

The Risks of Asbestos in Older Fireworks

Hidden Dangers in Vintage Fireworks

While asbestos is no longer used in the creation of fireworks, collectors and enthusiasts of historical artifacts may opt to purchase vintage fireworks for their aesthetic or historical value, and these older versions are likely to contain asbestos. When ignited, dated fireworks can release fibers into the air, leading to potential inhalation and subsequent health problems. Even handling such items can stir up toxic particles embedded inside or on the packaging. Thus, purchasing vintage fireworks is risky from a safety perspective due both to the general unreliability of aging goods and the possibility of these containing unsafe components.

Abatement and Disposal

Fireworks suspected of containing asbestos should be discarded rather than restored for use. These should not be ignited, nor handled, and should be disposed of only under the guidance of qualified asbestos abatement professionals. Contacting local hazardous waste disposal services can ensure safe and compliant removal, limiting exposure risks as well as the financial and legal consequences take can come along with improper removal.

Veterans and Asbestos: A Legacy of Exposure

During World War II and in subsequent battles, asbestos found widespread use in military settings. Ammunition factories, naval ships, and various artillery incorporated asbestos due to its fire-resistant properties. Soldiers were often issued asbestos gloves to handle high temperature equipment, unaware of long-term exposure risks associated with everyday use.  

Fireworks, often used in military training exercises, coming home parties, or other demonstrations, have further contributed to health issues among military members. Even Memorial Day and Veterans Day displays can make it more likely for service men and women to be exposed.

Burn pits have also been a significant exposure source. These open-air pits, used to dispose of waste materials, release a toxic cocktail of chemicals and particulates, commonly including asbestos. As a result, many veterans exposed to pit debris have later been diagnosed with asbestos-induced illnesses.

The PACT Act has provided some direction for addressing asbestos concerns as well as compensation for veterans affected by toxic exposures. However, only recently signed into law in 2022, this measure is one that has come too late for many. Therefore, continued awareness, early detection, and ongoing research, particularly centered around this population, are still essential to counteract the potential for long-term health effects.

Throughout history, fireworks have been employed to convey power, artistic creativity, and the spirit of celebration—all concepts that remain popular in entertainment venues. While asbestos-containing fireworks have been largely phased out, toxic displays have historically been launched during all of the following:  

  • Boxing matches where performers were encased in asbestos overalls beneath layers of fireworks for dramatic effect, creating a truly explosive spectacle.  
  • Burning effigies filled with live animals for a macabre spectacle, a practice thankfully long abandoned.
  • Pyrotechnic reenactments of battles and natural disasters, pushing the boundaries of pyrotechnic artistry, albeit with a disregard for safety that would be unthinkable today.
  • Traveling circuses and magic shows where leaving spectators awe-stricken is an integral part of the act. Pyrotechnics are the perfect way to captivate large crowds.

While these modes of entertainment have long-amused audiences, they also highlight the intersection of innovation and danger. Furthermore, with a history of inconsistent regulation and the ease of integrating this harmful substance into society, exposure has (and may continue to) run rampant.

Modern Fireworks: Balancing Beauty and Safety

Thankfully, today’s fireworks are crafted with a greater awareness of environmental and health concerns. Technological advances have enabled more precise and environmentally friendly displays, reducing the potential for unintended consequences. Despite these advancements, however, risks still remain, and its important to understand where these may lie in order to ensure a safe and enjoyable experience. Here are some ways to weed out likely culprits while shopping for fireworks:

  • Purchase from reputable vendors: Avoid fireworks from unknown or unverified sources and steer clear of secondhand kits often sold at garage sales, flea markets, antique or consignment shops.
  • Inspect for warning labels: Double-check product labels to ensure the fireworks comply with relevant safety standards. If these labels are missing, it’s best to take your dollar elsewhere.
  • Practice safe handling: Follow the basic safety guidelines for handling fireworks, including  keeping them away from flammable materials, maintaining a safe distance during ignition, and never pointing or throwing fireworks at people or property. Wearing flame-resistant gloves while igniting can help protect against burns and any toxic particles.

Beyond the Spectacle: A Legacy to Address

The relationship between asbestos and fireworks is a cautionary tale of human ingenuity overshadowed by deadly health complications. Today, as we marvel at fireworks displays, it’s vital to remember the lessons of the past so we can continue to prioritize safety moving forward.

By understanding the hidden dangers of asbestos, in fireworks and in society as a whole, and advocating for responsible practices, these memorable light spectacles can continue to inspire without causing illness. The legacy of asbestos, in general, serves as a stark reminder that ever-evolving progress and innovation must always be monitored in order to minimize unanticipated risks.